Madagascar’s Military Coup Leader Sworn in as New President

On October 14, 2023, Col. Michael Randrianirina was sworn in as Madagascar’s new president following a military coup that led to the ousting of former President Andry Rajoelina. The event took place in the capital, Antananarivo, amid large crowds gathered to witness the significant political shift after weeks of protests led primarily by the country’s youth.

The turmoil began with widespread demonstrations against Rajoelina’s government, driven by escalating concerns over unemployment, inadequate access to clean water, and frequent power outages. The protests reached a climax when, on October 10, Madagascar’s highest court impeached Rajoelina for desertion of duty. This decision paved the way for Randrianirina’s ascension to power.

Swearing-In Ceremony Marks a New Era

During his inauguration, Randrianirina expressed that Madagascar was at a “historic turning point,” emphasizing the people’s desire for change. He stated, “We are driven by a deep love for our homeland,” and pledged to “joyfully open a new chapter in the life of our nation.” The ceremony was attended by representatives from various political factions and international delegations, including officials from the United States.

Despite the celebratory atmosphere, the backdrop of violence loomed large. According to United Nations figures, at least 22 people lost their lives, and over 100 were injured during the unrest leading to the coup. The military’s involvement escalated dramatically when Randrianirina appeared in a video urging soldiers to support the protest leaders. This call to action coincided with images of clashes between police and military forces.

As the situation deteriorated, Rajoelina’s absence fueled speculation about his fate. Reports from French media suggested that he had been evacuated to Reunion Island and later traveled to Dubai. In a statement to the press, Rajoelina indicated he left Madagascar due to “explicit and extremely serious threats” to his life.

International Response and Future Governance

The military takeover has drawn widespread condemnation from international bodies. The United Nations Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, called for a reversal of the unconstitutional change of government, urging a return to constitutional order and the rule of law. The African Union suspended Madagascar’s membership and demanded immediate elections, advocating for a return to civilian governance.

Randrianirina, who has been a vocal critic of Rajoelina, faced legal challenges in the past, including a three-month imprisonment for allegedly instigating a mutiny in November 2023. In response to the backlash against his leadership, he has insisted that his actions do not constitute a coup, asserting, “The army is just showing the Malagasy people that we still exist.”

In a significant shift from his military background, Randrianirina appeared at his swearing-in ceremony dressed in a suit and tie, indicating a commitment to civilian governance. He announced intentions to appoint a civilian prime minister and hold elections within two years. However, he has also declared the suspension of most civil institutions and established a new military council composed of army and police officers to oversee governance.

This recent transition marks the third military power shift Madagascar has experienced since gaining independence from France in the late 1950s, following coups in 1972 and 2009. According to World Bank data, approximately 80% of Madagascar’s population lives below the poverty line, highlighting the socio-economic challenges facing the nation. The situation in Madagascar reflects a broader trend, as several former French African colonies have recently experienced similar military interventions.

As Madagascar navigates this new political landscape, the outcomes of Randrianirina’s leadership and the potential for future elections remain to be seen. The international community continues to closely monitor developments in this strategically significant island nation.