Sweden to Supply Ukraine with Up to 150 Advanced Fighter Jets

Sweden has announced its intention to sell Ukraine up to 150 advanced Saab Gripen-E fighter jets. This agreement, signed by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and Swedish Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson, marks the first time a NATO member has offered significant military aircraft to Ukraine, which is actively seeking to modernize its outdated air force in the face of ongoing conflict with Russia.

The deal, finalized on October 18, 2023, is structured as a letter of understanding, meaning that the precise terms, including costs and delivery schedules for the jets, have yet to be negotiated. Nevertheless, both leaders expressed optimism about the potential impact of this agreement on Ukraine’s military capabilities and broader European security. “We are opening an entirely new and truly meaningful chapter in our relations,” Zelensky stated in a post on X.

The urgency for Ukraine to enhance its air combat capabilities has increased since Russia’s invasion in February 2022. At that time, Ukraine’s air force relied heavily on outdated Soviet-era aircraft. While Western nations have provided some support through older models like the US-made F-16s and a limited number of French Mirages, these have not been sufficient to challenge Russian air superiority.

Significance of the Gripen-E Fighter Jet

The Saab Gripen-E is regarded by experts as particularly well-suited for operating in Ukraine’s conditions. Known for being cost-effective and easy to maintain, the Gripen can function from various surfaces, including roads and unpaved runways. Although the original Gripen model was introduced in the late 1980s, the Gripen-E has undergone extensive upgrades, including advanced radar, communication systems, and enhanced sensors. According to the Swedish Armed Forces, the new capabilities make the Gripen-E a distinct aircraft, boasting features that allow for coordinated missile launches and sensor networking among the fleet.

Saab has characterized the Gripen-E as a “game changer” in modern aerial warfare. Each jet is equipped with ten hard points for missiles capable of engaging both air and ground targets. Additionally, the Gripen-E incorporates embedded artificial intelligence, enhancing its operational effectiveness.

Zelensky highlighted the training that Ukrainian pilots have received on older Gripen models, which could facilitate a smoother transition to the new aircraft. Reports suggest that some Ukrainian pilots have trained on Gripen simulators, raising the possibility that Ukraine may acquire earlier versions of the Gripen as an interim solution until the E models are delivered in approximately three years.

During a press conference in Sweden, Zelensky emphasized the urgency of the deal, stating, “For our army, Gripens are a priority,” and expressed hope for an expedited delivery, aiming to have the jets operational as early as next year.

Broader Implications for NATO and European Security

If the agreement progresses and Ukraine ultimately receives all 150 jets, it could position Kyiv as the leading operator of the Gripen-E globally. Currently, besides Sweden, countries such as Brazil, the Czech Republic, Hungary, South Africa, and Thailand also utilize Gripen aircraft.

This announcement comes shortly after Zelensky’s unsuccessful request for long-range Tomahawk missiles from US President Donald Trump. Trump cited the complexity and lengthy training required for using Tomahawks, which could take up to a year, as factors in his decision.

The provision of Gripen-E jets not only enhances Ukraine’s defense capabilities but also represents a significant shift in security dynamics within Europe, particularly in light of Sweden’s recent accession to NATO in 2024 alongside Finland. This move marks a departure from long-standing policies of non-alignment, driven largely by the security challenges posed by Russia.

As Ukraine continues to seek advanced military support to counter its adversary, the acquisition of modern fighter jets could prove pivotal in strengthening its defense and enhancing overall stability in the region.