Putin Launches Initiatives to Reverse Russia’s Declining Birth Rate

Russian President Vladimir Putin is intensifying efforts to tackle the nation’s declining birth rate, deeming increased births as “crucial” for Russia’s future. This demographic crisis has plagued the country for over two decades, with significant implications for its economic and social stability.

At a recent demographic conference in the Kremlin, Putin highlighted the need for a renewed focus on family growth, stating that “many of our grandmothers and great-grandmothers had seven, eight, and even more children.” He emphasized the importance of reviving such traditions, suggesting that large families should become the norm in modern Russia.

The roots of this demographic challenge date back to 1999, when the number of births plummeted to its lowest recorded level. By 2015, births had risen to 1.94 million, correlating with a period of economic prosperity. However, since then, the birth rate has steadily declined, and last year saw only 1.22 million live births, a figure only marginally above the historical low recorded in 1999.

Demographic Shift and Economic Impact

According to the Federal Statistics Service, Russia’s population has decreased from 147.6 million in 1990 to 146.1 million in 2024. This decline is coupled with an aging population; the percentage of individuals aged 55 and older increased from 21.1% in 1990 to 30% in 2024. The situation has worsened since the peak in births in 2015, with deaths now outpacing births annually.

Demographer Alexei Raksha reported that the number of babies born in Russia hit its lowest monthly figure in over two centuries in February 2025. Last year’s fertility rate was recorded at 1.4, falling significantly below the replacement rate of 2.1 needed to maintain population levels. For context, the fertility rate in the United States was 1.6 according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

In response to these demographic challenges, the Russian government has implemented various initiatives aimed at encouraging childbirth. These measures include providing free school meals for large families and awarding “hero-mother” medals to women who have ten or more children.

Legislative Measures and Cultural Shifts

To further promote what it terms “traditional family values,” Russia has introduced new restrictions, including laws that ban the promotion of abortion and any advocacy for “child-free ideology.” Additionally, all LGBTQ+ activism has been outlawed, reflecting a broader cultural shift in the country.

In recent years, the government has created state holidays to celebrate family and motherhood, such as Family, Love and Fidelity Day in July and Pregnant Women’s Day, observed on April 7 and October 7. These initiatives are part of a broader strategy to foster a family-friendly environment.

As Russia grapples with these demographic issues, the focus remains on revitalizing the nation’s birth rate amid ongoing economic challenges, geopolitical tensions, and a declining population. The outcome of these initiatives will be crucial for Russia’s demographic future and overall stability.